Apparatus for injection of fuel-oil into internal-combustion engines.



W. H. MARTYN.

APPARATUS FOR INJECTION 0F FUEL OIL INTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED AUG-9.1918.

1,292,347. Patented Jan.21,1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HENIBY MARTYN, OF TENTERFIELD, NEW SOUTH WALES, AESTRALIA, 'ASSIGNOR TO THOMAS HAMMOND MA'RTYN, 0F SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES,

AUSTRALIA.

APPARATUS FOR INJECTION OF FUEL-OIL IN TO INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedJ an. 21, 1919.

Application filed August 9, 1918. Serial No. 249,168.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it 'known that I, WILLIAM HENRY MARTYN, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Cowper street, Tenterfield, State of New South Wales, Commonwealth of Australia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Injection of Fuel-Oil. into Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention will be contained in a small attachment to the head of each cylinder in internal combustion engines and comprises two small cylindrical constructions, No. 1 being adapted to contain certain devices for governing and measuring the supply of fuel while No.2 will be devoted to contain appliances for atomizing theoil when that substance is the fuel.

In theaccompanying drawing, the figure represents the appliance in longitudinal vertical section showing a mode of applying the invention.

1 is a hollow screw lug whereby the appliance will be attache to the head of cylinder of the engine. 2 is acylinder to contain a fluid 3 adapted to check the movement of the piston 4; the cylinder 2 is closed b a screw plug 5 in which is a hollow cham er 6; intermediate the piston 4 and the plug 5 is a spring 7 in compression.- The piston 4 is provided with a piston rod 8 and plunger 9, the piston rod and plunger being in the same axial line, but the piston rod is of less diameter than the plunger. When the piston 4 is at its highest 'point, the measuring chamber 10 will entirely disappear, the measurin chamber being an annular space between t e periphery of thepiston rod and the wallet the passage in which the plunger 9 reciprocates, intermittently. Near the top edge of the measuring chamber will be located the intake 11 or the fuel, and the egress 12 for the measured fuel leading to the spraying nozzle. The intake will be provided with a back ressure valve 13 and the egress with a bac pressure valve 14. The, bottom of the plunger 9 will rest in a recess in a plunger block 15 of greater diameter than the plunger; the plunger block 15 forms part of the plunger 9 although it is not integral with it, but it will rise and fall w1th the plunger and will present a much larger surface to the compressed air from the engine cylinder, thereby rendering the plunger itself far more sensitive to pressure from below. Above the plunger block 15 and surrounding the plunger 9 is a spring 16 in compression the function of which is to force the plunger block downward when the pressure from below is diminished, the descent of the plunger itself being governed by the piston 4 which constitutes-a dashpot. If the fluid 3 be oil, it is sure to leak downward until it would fill the chamber in which the plunger blockreciprocates thus stopping the action .of all the arts. In order to neutralize this undesira le result, the chamber is provided with a, valve 17 through which the oil will be enabled to escape. The piston 4 constitutes the simplest kind of dashpot; when the pressure below the plunger 9 forces the dashpot upward, the pressure of the fluid 3, rushing through the ports, will force the valve 18 down against the pressure of the spring 19, but directly the pressure from above is removed the spring will force the valve 18 upward thus closing the ports in the piston 4. It will be remarked that the measuring chamber. 10 will vary in capacity from nothing, when the plunger 9 is at the top of its stroke, to the maximum when the plunger is at the bottom of its stroke, all the intermediate capacities being governed by the pressure from the compression chamber of the engine cylinder operating the dashpot arrangement which will govern the admission of fuel through the inlet 11 to the measuring chamber 10. The fuel will pass from the measuring chamber 10 through the egress passage 12, through the back pressure valve 14, through a second back pressure valve 20, adapted to neutralize the back pressure from the engine cylinder, to the nozzle 21, whence it will be ejected, through the grating 22 into the engine cylinder. The valve 20 will also assist in atomizing the fuel as it passes to the nozzle 21. The above arrangement is the simplest form of the appliance.

No. 2 cylinder is shown at 30; the cylinder contains a deep piston 31 to which is attached a plunger 32 through which is an axial passage 33 controlled by a back pressure valve 34. Leading from the ho low plug 1, that connects the appliance to the engine cylinder, is a lateral passage 35 into which open two branch passages provided with back pressure valves 36, 37, the passage controlled by the back pressure valve 36 is the nearer of the two to the center of the hollow plug 1 and'its valve spring is comparatively weak, whereas the spring of the valve 37, controlling the other. passage, is comparatively strong; the passage controlled by the valve 36 leads to the part of the cylinder below the plunger 32, while the passage 38 controlled by the valve 37 leads from the engine cylinder to the s ace behind the piston 31; as the pressure rther continues, the piston and the plunger will be pushed down, thus closing the valve 36 and expelling the air in the space below the plunger 32, the air escaping through the passage 39 to enter the egress passage 12 where it unites with the fuel from the measuring chamber 10, passing from the point of union, through the check valve 20, in an atomized form, to the nozzle 21 a through which it-is sprayed into the engine cylinder. It is not essential that the passage 38 should be controlled by the valve 37 the latter may be dispensed with and the passage 38 terminate at a pointnear the base of the plunger block 15, so that when the plunger block commences to rise the orifice of the passage-38 would be uncovered.

. In the cylindrical space below the piston will be a small air escape passage 30 through which air may escape from the cylinder to the outer air.

In engines working at a high rate of speed, the dashpot government arrangement, as represented by the piston 4, may be dispensed with, as the rate of speed of the engine would prevent the dashpot from operating with efiiciency; but with engines working at comparatlvely low speeds, the dashpot arrangement, or an equivalent dev1ce, would be indispensable.

It will be an advantage if annular grooves 40, .41 be made in the wall of the cylinder 30 contalning the piston 31 and the plunger 32 the grooves being so disposedthat they shall never be uncovered by the reciprocatory movements of the piston and plunger, the grooves being supplied with circulating water under. pressure; this will have a sealing and a lubricating eifect and will moreover, supply a proportionof aqueous vapor that will assist the smooth running of the engine.

I claim: I v

1. In internal combustion engines, an attachment to the head of the engine cylinder comprising a cylinder, ahollow plug in internal communication with the interior of the engine cylinder and with said cylinder, a plunger within the cylinder, the plunger having two diameters, the part of larger diameter being susceptible to air pressure from the engine cylinder below, an annular measuring chamber formed bythe part of lesser diameter projecting into the cyline drical container of the part of larger diame: ter, an intake forthe admission of fluid fuel to the top of the measuring chamber, a back pressure valve in the ,intake passage, an egress passage from the top of the measuring chamber, such egress passage terminating at a spraying nozzle above the hollow plug, and a back pressure valve in theegress passage above the spraying nozzle, as and for the purposes specified.

2. In internal combustion engines, an at: tachment to the head of the engine cylinder comprising a cylinder, a hollow plug in internal communication with the interior ofthe engine cylinder and with said cylinder, a plunger having two diameters within the cylinder, an annular measuring chamber cylinder, an annular measuring chamber of varying capacity around the lower .end of the plunger part of lesser diameter, a governing dashpot arrangement at the upper end of the lunger part of lesser diameter, a plunger look below the part of larger diameter, a recess in the upper side of the.

plunger block to receive the lower end of the plunger part of larger diameter, and open communication between the engine cylinder and the base of the plunger block, all as and 1 for the several purposes specified.

4. In internal combustion engines, an attachment to the head of the engine cylinder comprising a cylinder, a hollow lug in internal communication with the mterior of the engine cylinder and with said cylinder, a plunger having two diameters within the cylinder, an annular measuring chamber of varying capacity around the lower end of the plunger part of lesser diameter, an intake passage for fluid fuel near the top of the measuring chamber, a back pressure valve in the intake passage, an egress passage for the fuel from the measuring chamber, a back pressure valvein the egress passage, a spraying nozzle at the terminal of the egress passa e, a governing dashpot at the upper end 0 the plunger part of lesser diameter, a hollow screw plug closing the end of the cylinder containing the dashpot, a plunger block with a recess in its upper side to receive the lower end of the plunger part of larger diameter, a relief valve to therecess in which the plunger block reciprocates, and a spring in compression above. the plunger block, as and for the several purposes specified.

5. In internal combustion engines, an attachment to the head of the engine cylinder comprising a cylinder, a hollow plug in internal communication with the interior of the engine cylinder and with said cylinder, a spraying nozzle above the hollow plug, a back pressure valve above the spraying nozzle, a second cylinder containin a deep piston and a plunger, the plunger lieing of lesser diameter than the piston, an axial passage through the plunger and the piston, a back pressure valve within the axial passage, a small lateral passage leading from the hollow plug, a branch passage from the lateral passage, in the branch passage a comparatively weak spring back pressure valve, such branch passage terminating at the space below the plunger, a second branch passage from the ateral passage, a comparatively strong back pressure spring valve within the branch passage, such secondbranch assage terminating at the space above the eep piston, and a passage from the space below the plunger, terminating in the egress pas-' sage from the measurin chamber at a suitable point above the ack pressure valve over the sprayin nozzle, as and for the purposes herein set Iorth.

6. In internal combustion engines, an attachment to the head of a c linder thereof,

comprising a hollow screw p ug whereb the 4 attachment is secured to the head 0 tachment to .the head of a cylinder thereof,

comprising a hollow screw plug whereby the attachment is secured to the head of the engine cylinder, a piston and plunger of different diameters in the same axial line, an axial passage through the piston and plunger, a back pressure valve within the axial passage, a lateral passage leading from the ollow plug, two branch passages from the lateral passage, the first branch passage terminatmg at the s ace below the plunger, acomparatively wea spring back pressure valve in the first branch passage, the second branch passage terminating at the space above the 1piston, a comparatively strong spring bac pressure, valve in the secon branch assage, and a"passage from the s ace below t e plunger to a pomtinterme iate the measurlng chamber and the back pressure valve of the sprayin nozzle.

In testimony whereof have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM HENRY MARTYN.

Witnesses:

A. Messmr, H. C. Cemmmm.

the' engine-cylinder, a lunger having two diam- 

